Tiros na escola: algumas referências para a psicologia na assistência à comunidade escolar / School shotting: some references for psychology in school comunity support / Tíros em la escuela: algunas referencias para la psicología em la asistencia à comunidad escolar

A atuação em situações de emergências e desastres apresentam-se como um dos grandes desafios na atuação dos profissionais da Psicologia, demandando intervenções singulares, desde o primeiro contato com as vítimas e o com entorno afetado pelo ocorrido, passando pelo trabalho interdisciplinar e interinstitucional junto aos órgãos públicos de segurança, justiça, assistência e saúde. O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar, por meio da experiência na assistência às vítimas na Escola Estadual Raul Brasil, as particularidades e adversidades enfrentadas durante o primeiro semestre de intervenções emergenciais que antecederam a contratação de psicólogos por parte do poder público municipal para continuidade das ações. Por meio de relatos de experiência em intervenções psicológicas, obtidos em diferentes instituições para a assistência às vítimas, este trabalho também visa apresentar alternativas que possam servir de referências para a intervenção do psicólogo e da psicóloga em situações de emergências e desastres, especialmente ocorridas na comunidade escolar. Observou-se que a realização do trabalho interdisciplinar e interinstitucional somado à participação da direção da escola no planejamento das ações e a realização de plantões psicológicos e rodas de conversa junto à comunidade escolar foram fundamentais para a assistência às vítimas do ocorrido.(AU)

Timely response to emergency and disaster situations is a major challenge for Psychology professionals and require particular interventions, from initial contact with the victims and the affected environment to interdisciplinary and interinstitutional collaboration with public security, justice, assistance and health agencies. Based on the experience of providing assistance to the victims of the State School Raul Brasil, this paper presents the adversities and specificities faced during the first semester of emergency interventions implemented before psychologists were hired by municipal officials for the continuity of care. By analyzing experience reports on psychological interventions obtained from different institutions for victim assistance, this paper proposes alternatives to be used as reference for psychological intervention in emergency and disaster situations, especially those experienced by the school community. Interdisciplinary and interinstitutional collaboration with the school board for planning actions and offering psychological services and conversation circles for the school community was fundamental to assist the victims.(AU)

La actuación en situaciones de emergencias es uno de los grandes desafíos a los profesionales de la psicología, pues demanda intervenciones singulares desde el primer contacto con las víctimas y con el contexto afectado por lo ocurrido, pasando por la interdisciplinaridad e interinstitucionalidad junto a los organismos públicos de seguridad, justicia, asistencia y salud. Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar, por medio de la experiencia de la asistencia a las víctimas del colegio estadual Raul Brasil (en São Paulo, Brasil), las particularidades y adversidades enfrentadas durante el primer semestre de las intervenciones de emergencia que antecedieron la contratación de psicólogos por parte del municipio para continuidad de las acciones. Por medio de reportes de experiencia en intervenciones psicológicas, obtenidos en diferentes instituciones para la asistencia a las víctimas, este estudio también pretende presentar alternativas que puedan servir de referencia en la intervención de psicólogos y psicólogas en situaciones de emergencia y desastres, especialmente ocurridas en la comunidad escolar. Se verificó que la realización del trabajo interdisciplinar e interinstitucional, la participación de la dirección del colegio en la implementación de acciones y la realización de guardias psicológicas y círculos de conversación con la comunidad escolar fueron fundamentales para una asistencia a las víctimas.(AU)

Preparação do enfermeiro para o atendimento í múltiplas ví­timas no resgate aéreo / Preparation of nurses to meet multiple victims in air recue

Objetivo: Caracterizar a atuação do enfermeiro de bordo, com ênfase no atendimento à múltiplas vítimas. Metodologia: Estudo exploratório e qualitativo. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de questionários semiestruturados, aplicados nosenfermeiros debordo em Belo Horizonte/MG. Utilizada a técnica metodológica de Bola de Neve (Snowball Sampling) e analisesob o conteúdo de Laurence Bardin. Resultado: Dos enfermeiros atuantes no resgate aéreo, que aceitaram participar, a maioria são do sexo masculino, possuem a renda familiar média de nove salários mínimos, mais de um vínculo empregatício, experiência média de seis anos. A partir da análise dos dados, as categorias elencadas foram: Atendimento Sistematizado e Capacitação Aeromédica. Conclusão: É preciso reconhecer o papel do enfermeiro no atendimento as vítimas no resgate aeromédico. Vale ressaltar a importância da capacitação para alcançar a excelência, no ambiente hostil confinado.(AU)

Objective: To characterize the role of the nurse on board, with an emphasis on attending to multiple wounds. Methodology: Exploratory and qualitative study. Data were obtained through semi-structured, scientific questionnaires on board nurses in Belo Horizonte / MG. The Snowball methodological technique was used and analyzed under the content of Laurence Bardin. Result: Of the nurses working in the air rescue, who agreed to participate: the majority are male, have an average family income of nine relative, more than one job, average experience of six years. From the analysis of the data, according to the categories listed were: Systematized Service and Aeromedical Training. Conclusion: It is necessary to recognize the role of the nurse in the care aswounds in the aeromedical rescue. It is worth emphasizing the importance of training to achieve excellence in a confined hostile environment.(AU)

Objetivo: Caracterizar a atuação do enfermeiro de bordo, com ênfase no atendimento à múltiplas vítimas. Metodologia: Estudo exploratório e qualitativo. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de questionários semiestruturados, aplicados nosenfermeiros debordo em Belo Horizonte/MG. Utilizada a técnica metodológica de Bola de Neve (Snowball Sampling) e analisesob o conteúdo de Laurence Bardin. Resultado: Dos enfermeiros atuantes no resgate aéreo, que aceitaram participar, a maioria são do sexo masculino, possuem a renda familiar média de nove salários mínimos, mais de um vínculo empregatício, experiência média de seis anos. A partir da análise dos dados, as categorias elencadas foram: Atendimento Sistematizado e Capacitação Aeromédica. Conclusão: É preciso reconhecer o papel do enfermeiro no atendimento as vítimas no resgate aeromédico. Vale ressaltar a importância da capacitação para alcançar a excelência, no ambiente hostil confinado.(AU)

Motociclista de urgência e emergência: reflexo dos desafios diários no atendimento pré-hospitalar / Urgency and emergency motorcyclist: a reflection of the daily challenges in prehospital care / Motociclista de emergencia y emergencia: reflejo de los desafíos diarios en la atención prehospitalaria

Objetivo: analisar e discutir as dificuldades, os riscos ocupacionais e os possíveis desafios e frustrações dos motociclistas que atuam no atendimento pré-hospitalar no serviço de urgência e emergência do Distrito Federal. Método: estudo descritivo e exploratório, de abordagem quantitativa, mediado por pesquisa de campo. Resultados: foram investigados dois grupos - A, com 33 profissionais, e B, com 18 profissionais. No grupo A, são 26 técnicos em enfermagem e 5 enfermeiros, com média de atuação de 10,6 anos, visto serem servidores estatutários, com idade média de 38 anos e tempo de motolância de 5,4 anos. No grupo B, todos são militares de carreira e combatentes, com média de 34,9 anos de idade, 11,2 anos de tempo de militar e de 5,1 anos de serviço de motorresgate. Conclusão: é visível que as atividades desempenhadas pelas equipes são divergentes do ponto de vista operacional e técnico. A formação do enfermeiro colaborador e educador torna-se relevante para a educação continuada dos profissionais que atuam no atendimento pré-hospitalar, sendo assim, é necessário refletir sobre as dificuldades vivenciadas no dia a dia desses profissionais e estratégias e ações precisam ser elaboradas para auxiliar no suporte de enfrentamento de seus desafios diários vivenciados

Objective: to analyze and discuss the difficulties, occupational risks and the possible challenges and frustrations of motorcyclists who work in pre-hospital care in the urgency and emergency service of the Federal District. Method: descriptive and exploratory study, with a quantitative approach, mediated by field research. Results: two groups were investigated - A, with 33 professionals, and B, with 18 professionals. In group A, there are 26 nursing technicians and 5 nurses, with an average of 10.6 years of experience, as they are statutory servants, with an average age of 38 years and a motorcycle driving time of 5.4 years. In group B, all are career soldiers and combatants, with an average of 34.9 years of age, 11.2 years of military experience and 5.1 years of motor-rescue service. Conclusion: it is visible that the activities performed by the teams are divergent from an operational and technical point of view. The training of collaborative nurses and educators becomes relevant for the continuing education of professionals working in pre-hospital care, therefore, it is necessary to reflect on the difficulties experienced in the daily lives of these professionals, also strategies and actions need to be developed to help in support of coping with their experienced daily challenges.

Objetivo: analizar y discutir las dificultades, riesgos laborales y los posibles desafíos y frustraciones de los motociclistas que laboran en la atención prehospitalaria en el servicio de urgencia y emergencia del Distrito Federal. Método: estudio descriptivo y exploratorio, con enfoque cuantitativo, mediado por investigación de campo. Resultados: se investigaron dos grupos: A, con 33 profesionales, y B, con 18 profesionales. En el grupo A, hay 26 técnicos de enfermería y 5 enfermeros, con una media de 10,6 años de experiencia, por ser servidores estatutarios, con una edad media de 38 años y un tiempo de conducción en motocicleta de 5,4 años. En el grupo B, todos son soldados y combatientes de carrera, con un promedio de 34,9 años de edad, 11,2 años de experiencia militar y 5,1 años de servicio de rescate motorizado. Conclusión: es visible que las actividades realizadas por los equipos son divergentes desde el punto de vista operativo y técnico. La formación de enfermeros y educadores colaborativos cobra relevancia para la formación continua de los profesionales que laboran en la atención prehospitalaria, por ello, es necesario reflexionar sobre las dificultades que viven en el día a día de estos profesionales, además de desarrollar estrategias y acciones para ayuda en apoyo para hacer frente a sus experimentados desafíos diarios.

Analysis of Factors Influencing Insomnia and Construction of a Prediction Model: A Cross-sectional Survey on Rescuers / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#To determine the factors influencing insomnia and construct early insomnia warning tools for rescuers to informbest practices for early screening and intervention.@*Methods@#Cluster sampling was used to conduct a cross-sectional survey of 1,133 rescuers from one unit in Beijing, China. Logistic regression modeling and R software were used to analyze insomnia-related factors and construct a PRISM model, respectively.@*Results@#The positive rate of insomnia among rescuers was 2.74%. Accounting for participants' age, education, systolic pressure, smoking, per capita family monthly income, psychological resilience, and cognitive emotion regulation, logistic regression analysis revealed that, compared with families with an average monthly income less than 3,000 yuan, the odds ratio ( ) values and the [95% confidence interval ( )] for participants of the following categories were as follows: average monthly family income greater than 5,000 yuan: 2.998 (1.307-6.879), smoking: 4.124 (1.954-8.706), and psychological resilience: 0.960 (0.933-0.988). The ROC curve area of the PRISM model (AUC) = 0.7650, specificity = 0.7169, and sensitivity = 0.7419.@*Conclusion@#Insomnia was related to the participants' per capita family monthly income, smoking habits, and psychological resilience on rescue workers. The PRISM model's good diagnostic value advises its use to screen rescuer early sleep quality. Further, advisable interventions to optimize sleep quality and battle effectiveness include psychological resilience training and smoking cessation.

Clinical biochemistry of rescued Magellanic Penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus): serum or heparinized plasma? / Bioquímica clínica de pinguins-de-magalhães (Spheniscus magellanicus) de resgate: soro ou plasma heparinizado?

IIn the last few years, an increasing number of debilitated Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) has been rescued and taken to rehabilitation centers on Brazil's southern coast to be clinically treated and evaluated for re-introduction. This work aims to compare the viability of heparinized plasma with the viability of serum for biochemistry analyses under rehabilitation conditions. Blood sampled from 31 physically healthy rescued penguins was processed into serum/plasma-paired samples and analyzed for 12 biochemical parameters: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), cholesterol (CHOL), creatine kinase (CK), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), glucose, (GLU) lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total proteins (TP), triglycerides (TG), urea (UR), and uric acid (UA).The results showed that six paired samples presented visual signs of hemolysis (visual hemolytic score≥1), four of which occurred exclusively in the serum counterpart. Significant differences (P≤ 0.5) between sample types were found for CHOL (3%), GLU (6%) and TG (52%). Only TG was considered clinically relevant (>10%). All mean/median results fell within the available reference intervals by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (Penguin, 2014). In conclusion, we verified that heparinized plasma is a viable sample for the clinical biochemistry of rescued Magellanic penguins as it yields compatible results with serum, while providing practical benefits. The adoption of this practice favors a faster bird recovery, by minimizing blood sampling volume, and optimizes material resources, allowing use of the same collector tube as for hematology.(AU)

Nos últimos anos, um número crescente de pinguins-de-magalhães (Spheniscus magellanicus) debilitados vem sendo resgatado e encaminhado aos centros de reabilitação do litoral sul do Brasil para cuidados clínicos e posterior avaliação de reintrodução. Este trabalho teve como objetivo comparar a viabilidade do plasma heparinizado com a do soro para análises bioquímicas, em condições de reabilitação. Amostras de sangue de 31 pinguins de resgate fisicamente saudáveis foram processadas em amostras pareadas de soro e plasma heparinizado, e 12 parâmetros bioquímicos foram analisados: alanina aminotransferase (ALT), fosfatase alcalina (ALP), aspartato aminotransferase (AST), colesterol (CHOL), creatina quinase (CK), gamaglutamil transpeptidase (GGT), glicose (GLU), lactato desidrogenase (LDH), proteínas totais (TP), triglicérides (TG), ureia (UR) e ácido úrico (UA). Os resultados mostraram que seis amostras pareadas apresentaram sinais visuais de hemólise (escore hemolítico visual≥1), das quais quatro ocorreram exclusivamente no soro. Observaram-se diferenças significativas (P≤0,5) entre os tipos de amostra em CHOL (3%), GLU (6%) e TG (52%), sendo apenas TG considerado clinicamente relevante (>10%). Todos os resultados de médias e medianas situaram-se dentro dos intervalos de referência disponíveis fornecidos pela Associação de Zoológicos e Aquários (AZA). Como conclusão, verificou-se que o plasma heparinizado é uma amostra viável para a bioquímica clínica de pinguins-de-magalhães de resgate, produzindo resultados compatíveis com os do soro. Além disso, a adoção dessa prática favorece uma recuperação mais rápida dos animais, ao diminuir o volume de sangue amostrado, e otimiza os recursos materiais, ao permitir o aproveitamento do mesmo tubo de colheita de hematologia.(AU)

119 Rescue team's awareness of anaphylaxis and asthma exacerbation in Gyeonggi-do province of Korea: Before and after education

PURPOSE: Anaphylaxis and asthma exacerbation could be life-threatening medical emergencies. The 119 (911 in the United States) rescue teams are at the forefront of such emergency conditions. Early recognition and proper prehospital management by 119 rescuers are important. We evaluated the awareness of 119 rescuers of anaphylaxis and asthma exacerbation in Korea. METHODS: Between May 17 and June 28 of 2018, a total of 180 rescuers were recruited from Gyeonggi-do province, Korea. The 90-minute educational sessions on anaphylaxis and asthma exacerbation were provided by an allergy specialist, which included some lectures and a hands-on workshop on self-injectable epinephrine autoinjector. A questionnaire survey with the same content was performed before and after education to assess the improvement in awareness. It had 2 domains: anaphylaxis awareness and asthma awareness. RESULTS: After education, awareness score for anaphylaxis increased from an average of 3.1 (51.7%) to 5.5 (91.7%). Particularly, the effect of education on the use of epinephrine, the most crucial treatment for anaphylaxis, was greatest. The awareness score for asthma after education increased from an average of 21.3 (78.9%) to 25.1 (93%). The effect of education on treatment and management of asthma was greatest. CONCLUSION: The 119 rescuers could be the first medical personnel at the forefront of anaphylaxis and asthma exacerbation. Hence, it is important to increase their awareness of anaphylaxis and asthma exacerbation. A simple educational activity can dramatically change the level of awareness.

Firefighters and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Occupational hazards of firefighting and rescue works include frequent exposure to emergencies and life-threatening situations. These stressful work conditions of being constantly under pressure and exposed to potentially traumatic events put them at higher risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), compared to the general population. PTSD is a potentially debilitating mental disorder, due to persistent intrusive thoughts, negative alterations of mood and cognition, hypervigilance, avoidance of similar situations and reminders, and re-experiences of the traumatic event. Previous studies have shown a relatively high prevalence of PTSD among firefighters, indicating the need for a systematic approach of early detection and prevention. Therefore, a critical review of the current literature on PTSD in firefighters would provide valuable insights into developing effective prevention and intervention programs. Literature indicated that there are risk factors of PTSD in firefighters, such as pre-existing depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, occupational stress, physical symptoms, and binge drinking, whereas social support and adequate rewards are protective factors. Although there are differences in the prevalence of PTSD across studies, partly due to various assessment tools utilized, different sample sizes, and sample characteristics, over one tenth of the firefighters were estimated to have PTSD. The current review warrants further investigations to precisely assess PTSD and co-morbid mental disorders, functional outcomes, and associated factors, and to develop evidence-based preventive and interventional programs to help firefighters with PTSD.

Disaster response under one health in the aftermath of Nepal earthquake, 2015

Until now, an estimate quotes that 1100 healthcare facilities were damaged and over 100,000 livestock lost in the two earthquakes that occurred in April and May of 2015 in Nepal. Threats of infectious diseases, mostly zoonoses, could affect Nepal's economy, trade, and tourism, and reaching the targets of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals. Historically, outbreaks of infectious diseases, including zoonoses, were largely associated with the aftereffects of the earthquakes. It has been documented that zoonoses constitute 61% of all known infectious diseases. Therefore, the purpose of this communication was to examine the infectious disease outbreaks after earthquakes around the world and explore the risk assessment of the zoonoses threats reported in Nepal and highlight adopting One Health. Our summaries on reported zoonoses in Nepal have shown that parasitic zoonoses were predominant, but other infectious disease outbreaks can occur. The fragile public health infrastructure and inadequately trained public health personnel can accelerate the transmission of infections, mostly zoonoses, in the post impact phase of the earthquake in Nepal. Therefore, we believe that with the support of aid agencies, veterinarians and health professionals can team up to resolve the crisis under One Health

Relationship between Problematic Internet Use and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms among Students Following the Sewol Ferry Disaster in South Korea

We investigated the association between problematic internet use (PIU) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in children and adolescents in South Korea. A cross-sectional survey was administered to community students who attended primary, secondary, and high schools in the Jindo area 1–2.5 months after the Sewol ferry disaster. Of the 1,744 respondents, 392 students who were exposed to the disaster, witnessing the rescue work directly, were evaluated. PTSD symptoms were measured using the University of California Los Angeles Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index (UCLA PTSD-RI). The severity of impairment caused by excessive internet use was evaluated using Young's Internet Addiction Test. The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and State Anxiety Inventory for Children (SAIC) were also used. Logistic regression analysis revealed that PIU was significantly and independently associated with a high level of PTSD symptoms. Our findings suggest that children and adolescents with PIU require intensive follow-up and special care to prevent the development of PTSD symptoms following a disaster.

Stressors of Korean Disaster Relief Team Members during the Nepal Earthquake Dispatch: a Consensual Qualitative Research Analysis

We conducted in-depth interviews with 11 Korean Disaster Relief Team (KDRT) members about stress related to disaster relief work and analyzed the interview data using the Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR) method in order to evaluate difficulties in disaster relief work and to develop solutions to these problems in cooperation with related organizations. Results showed that members typically experienced stress related to untrained team members, ineffective cooperation, and the shock and aftermath of aftershock experiences. Stress tended to stem from several factors: difficulties related to cooperation with new team members, the frightening disaster experience, and the aftermath of the disaster. Other stressors included conflict with the control tower, diverse problems at the disaster relief work site, and environmental factors. The most common reason that members participated in KDRT work despite all the stressors and difficulties was pride about the kind of work it involved. Many subjects in this study suffered from various stresses after the relief work, but they had no other choice than to attempt to forget about their experiences over time. It is recommended that the mental health of disaster relief workers will improve through the further development of effective treatment and surveillance programs in the future.

Reliability and Validity of the Korean Version of the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist in Public Firefighters and Rescue Workers

OBJECTIVES: Firefighters and rescue workers are likely to be exposed to a variety of traumatic events; as such, they are vulnerable to the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The psychometric properties of the Korean version of the PTSD Checklist (PCL), a widely used self-report screening tool for PTSD, were assessed in South Korean firefighters and rescue workers. METHODS: Data were collected via self-report questionnaires and semi-structured clinical interviews administered to 221 firefighters. Internal consistency, item-total correlation, one-week test-retest reliability, convergent validity, and divergent validity were examined. Content validity of the PCL was evaluated using factor analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were used to estimate the optimal cutoff point and area under the curve. RESULTS: The PCL demonstrated excellent internal consistency (alpha = 0.97), item-total correlation (r = 0.72-0.88), test-retest reliability (r = 0.95), and convergent and divergent validity. The total score of PCL was positively correlated with the number of traumatic events experienced (p < 0.001). Factor analysis revealed two theoretically congruent factors: re-experience/avoidance and numbing/hyperarousal. The optimal cutoff was 45 and the area under the ROC curve was 0.97. CONCLUSIONS: The Korean version of the PCL may be a useful PTSD screening instrument for firefighters and rescue workers, further maximizing opportunities for accurate PTSD diagnosis and treatment.

Pain, health perception and sleep: impact on the quality of life of firefighters/rescue professionals / Dor, percepção de saúde e sono: impacto na qualidade de vida de bombeiros/profissionais do resgate / Dolor, percepción de la salud y del sueño: impacto en la calidad de vida de bomberos y profesionales del rescate

Objective: to evaluate the quality of life of firefighters and rescue professionals, and characterize their socio-demographic, health, work and lifestyle profile. Methods: cross-sectional study that used a socio-demographic, lifestyle, health, work data questionnaire and the WHOQOL-BREF quality of life aspects, in Fire Department bases, Civil Air Patrol Group of the Military Police and Rescue Group of Emergency Services. Results: ninety professionals participated in this study - 71 firefighters, 9 nurses, 7 doctors and 3 flight crew members. The average age of the group was 36.4 ± 7.8 years; they worked about 63.7 hours per week; 20.2% reported pain in the last week and 72.7% had body mass index above 25 kg/m2. The average of the WHOQOL-BREF domains was: physical (74.6), psychological (75.2), social (76.5) and environmental (58.7). Significant association was found (Mann-Whitney test and Spearman correlation) between the WHOQOL-BREF domains and pain in the past six months, in the last week, health perception, job satisfaction, hours of sleep, domestic tasks and study. Conclusion: the main factors related to quality of life were presence of pain, health perception, sleep and domestic activity.

Objetivo: avaliar a qualidade de vida de bombeiros e profissionais do resgate e caracterizar o perfil sociodemográfico, de saúde, trabalho e estilo de vida. Método: estudo transversal que utilizou o questionário de dados sociodemográficos, estilo de vida e aspectos da saúde e do trabalho e o de qualidade de vida WHOQOL-BREF, nas bases do Corpo de Bombeiros, no Grupamento de Rádio e Patrulha Aérea da Polícia Militar e no Grupo de Resgate de Atendimento as Urgências. Resultados: 90 profissionais participaram do estudo - 71 bombeiros, nove enfermeiros, sete médicos e três tripulantes de voo. A idade média foi de 36,4±7,8 anos; trabalhavam em média 63,7 horas por semana; 20,2% relataram dor na última semana e 72,7% apresentavam índice de massa corpórea acima de 25kg/m2. A média dos domínios do WHOQOL-BREF foi: físico (74,6), psicológico (75,2), relações sociais (76,5) e ambiental (58,7). Houve associação significante (teste de Mann-Whitney e correlação de Spearman) entre domínios do WHOQOL-BREF e dor nos últimos seis meses, na última semana, percepção de saúde, satisfação com o trabalho, horas de sono e realizar trabalho doméstico e estudar. Conclusão: os principais fatores relacionados à qualidade de vida foram presença de dor, percepção de saúde, sono e trabalho doméstico.

Objetivo: evaluar la calidad de vida de bomberos y profesionales del rescate y caracterizar el perfil sociodemográfico, de salud, trabajo y estilo de vida. Métodos: estudio transversal utilizando la encuesta de datos sociodemográficos, de estilo de vida y aspectos de la salud y del trabajo, además del cuestionario de calidad de vida WHOQOL-BREF, en las bases del Cuerpo de Bomberos, en el Agrupamiento de Radio y Patrulla del Aire de la Policía Militar y en el Grupo de Rescate de Atención de Urgencias. Resultados: en este estudio participaron 90 profesionales-71 bomberos, 9 enfermeras, 7 médicos y 3 miembros de la tripulación de vuelo. La media de edad fue de 36,4 ± 7,8 años y la del trabajo 63,7 horas por semana; el 20,2% de ellos informaron dolor en la última semana y el 72,7% tenían índice de masa corporal por encima de 25 kg/m2. La media de los dominios WHOQOL-BREF fue: físico (74,6), psicológico (75,2), relaciones sociales (76,5) y ambientales (58,7). Hubo asociación significativa (test de Mann-Whitney y correlación de Spearman) entre dominios del WHOQOL-BREF y el dolor en los últimos seis meses, en la última semana, la percepción de la salud, la satisfacción con el trabajo, el hecho de dormir y realizar los estudios y el trabajo doméstico. Conclusión: los principales factores relacionados con la calidad de vida fueron la presencia de dolor, percepción de la salud, sueño y trabajo doméstico.

An evaluation of coordination relationships during earthquake emergency rescue using entropy theory / Uma avaliação das relações de coordenação durante operações de resgate após terremoto utilizando a teoria da entropia / Relación de coordinación en rescates de emergencia tras terremotos, usandola teoría de la entropía

Emergency rescue after an earthquake is complex work which requires the participation of relief and social organizations. Studying earthquake emergency coordination efficiency can not only help rescue organizations to define their own rescue missions, but also strengthens inter-organizational communication and collaboration tasks, improves the efficiency of emergency rescue, and reduces loss. In this paper, collaborative entropy is introduced to study earthquake emergency rescue operations. To study the emergency rescue coordination relationship, collaborative matrices and collaborative entropy functions are established between emergency relief work and relief organizations, and the collaborative efficiency of the emergency rescue elements is determined based on this entropy function. Finally, the Lushan earthquake is used as an example to evaluate earthquake emergency rescue coordination efficiency.

O resgate de emergência após terremoto é um trabalho complexo que exige a participação das organizações sociais e de ajuda. O estudo da eficiência da coordenação do resgate emergencial não apenas ajuda as organizações a definirem suas próprias missões de resgate, como também fortalece a comunicação entre as organizações e as tarefas de colaboração, além de melhorar a eficiência do trabalho de resgate e reduzir as perdas. O artigo usa a entropia colaborativa como base para estudar o trabalho de resgate emergencial após terremoto. Para estudar a relação de coordenação do resgate emergencial, são estabelecidas matrizes colaborativas e funções entrópicas colaborativas entre a ajuda de emergência e as organizações de ajuda; a eficiência colaborativa dos elementos de resgate emergencial é determinada com base nessa função de entropia. Finalmente, o terremoto de Lushan no sudoeste da China é usado como exemplo para avaliar a eficiência da coordenação do resgate emergencial após terremoto.

El rescate de emergencia tras un terremoto es un trabajo complejo que requiere la participación de organizaciones sociales y especializadas en socorro. Estudiar la eficiencia en la coordinación de emergencia tras un terremoto, no sólo ayuda a las organizaciones destinadas al rescate en la definición de sus propias misiones de rescate, sino que también fortalece la comunicación interorganizacional y las tareas de colaboración, mejorando la eficiencia en el rescate de emergencia y reduciendo pérdidas. En este trabajo, se introduce la entropía colaborativa para estudiar las operaciones de rescate tras un terremoto; con el fin analizar la relación de coordinación en los rescates de emergencia, estudiar la relación de coordinación en los mismos, donde se establecen matrices colaborativas y funciones de entropía colaborativas entre el trabajo de las organizaciones de socorro y sociales, y donde la eficiencia colaborativa de los elementos de rescate está determinante basada en esta función de entropía. Finalmente, el terremoto de Lushan se usa como ejemplo para evaluar la eficiencia en la coordinación de un rescate de emergencia tras un terremoto.

Mobile emergency (surgical) hospital: Development and application in medical relief of "4.20" Lushan earthquake in Sichuan Province, China / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

In the 21st century, natural disasters and emergencies occur frequently worldwide, which leads to the loss of hundreds of thousands of lives as well as the direct and indirect economic losses. China has a vast territory frequently struck by natural disasters. However, the reality is not optimistic. Poor organization and management during the rescue actions, the lack of large-scale, systematic medical rescue equipment were all great barriers to the outcomes. Mobile hospitals are expected to provide better health care. We were inspired by the concept of mobile hospital. Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, has set up trauma care system since 1988, in which prehospital care, intensive care, and in-hospital treatment is fully integrated. As a major advantage, such a system provided assurance of "golden hour" rescue treatment. Providing mobile intensive care and prehospital surgical service for severe trauma patients could reduce mortality significantly. Based on the civilian experiences in Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, the mobile emergency (surgical) hospital was developed.

influence paths of emotion on the occupational safety of rescuers involved in environmental emergencies- systematic review article

A detailed study and analysis of previous research has been carried out to illustrate the relationships between a range of environmental emergencies, and their effects on the emotional state of the rescuers involved in responding to them, by employing Pub Med, Science Direct, Web of Science, Google Scholar, CNKI and Scopus for required information with the several keywords "emergency rescue", "occupational safety", "natural disaster", "emotional management". The effect of the rescuers' emotion on their occupational safety and immediate and long-term emotional behavior is then considered. From these considerations, we suggested four research propositions related to the emotional effects at both individual and group levels, and to the responsibilities of emergency response agencies in respect of ensuring the psychological and physical occupational safety of rescuers during and after environmental emergencies. An analysis framework is proposed which could be used to study the influence paths of these different aspects of emotional impact on a range of occupational safety issues for rescue workers. The authors believe that the conclusions drawn in this paper can provide a useful theoretical reference for decision-making related to the management and protection of the occupational safety of rescuers responding to natural disasters and environmental emergencies

Investigation on the psychological quality of mine rescue staff / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To evaluate the psychological quality and its influencing factors of mine rescue staff.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 310 on front line rescue staff from the mines in Tangshan were sampled by random cluster sampling method.Our own designed measurement tools for psychological quality, including Eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQ), attention test scale, willpower test scale and reactive agility test were used to investigate the psychological quality of mine rescue staff. All tests were conducted in quiet state.Other information including age, length of service for rescue, sex, education, smoking and drinking, and so on were collected at the same time. The mood and influencing factors on psychological quality of the rescue staff were also analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The personality traits of mine rescue staff are close to the national norm.0.6% (2/310) staff showed weak willpower.20.7% (64/310) staff had unstable mood. The E and N factor scores in 20-29 years old group (12.7 ± 4.3 and 12.1 ± 5.1) were higher than 30-39, 40-49, 50-59 years old groups (E factor scores:11.4 ± 3.9, 10.6 ± 3.7 and 10.7 ± 3.9; N factor scores:11.0 ± 5.1, 9.4 ± 4.9 and 6.3 ± 3.4, respectively) (FE = 4.28, FN = 11.35, all P < 0.01) . The L factor score in 40-49 and 50-58 years old groups (13.0 ± 4.2 and 14.8 ± 3.6) were higher than 20-29 and 30-39 years old groups (11.5 ± 3.8 and 12.2 ± 3.8) (F = 6.08, P < 0.01) . Multivariate analysis found that the psychological quality of mine rescue staff was mainly influenced by the length of service (β'E factor = -0.12, β'willpower = -0.12), the amount of participating rescue (β'P factor = 0.12, β'N factor = -0.14), alerting duty (β'L factor = 0.16, β 'error number of target tracking = -0.161) , daily training (β'attention = 0.22,β'total number of aimed at the test = -0.18) and life events (β'N factor = -0.14,β'L factor = 0.13,β'correct number of target tracking = -0.18).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The mine rescue staff had high level psychological quality, length of service. the amount of participating rescue, and life events in the year effect the psychological quality of mine rescue staff.</p>

Investigation on psychological stress of mine emergency rescue personnel / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate psychological stress and influence factors on the mine emergency rescue personnel.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>564 mine emergency rescue personnel from a rescue group were select as subjects, and 60 designers from a steel design institute were as controls. Self-made questionnaire and general job stress questionnaire were used to investigate the basic information, rescue history, psychosomatic symptoms, depression symptoms, daily job stress and negative emotions of emergency rescue personnel. SPSS17.0 software was used to analysis the psychological stress on the mine rescue personnel and its influence factors.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The detection rate (41.94%) of depression symptoms in rescue team was higher than that of controls (24.90%). The score of daily job stress was higher than that of logistical support. The older age group with higher negative emotional and daily job stress than the younger. The highest negative emotion was in age group of more than 40 years old. The highest score of daily job stress was in ≤30 years old. The score of depression and psychosomatic symptoms were higher than those of the college and the above. The scores of depression in group of duration of rescue <10 years was higher than that of duration≥10 years. The score of daily job stress is the lowest in rescue for 1 to 2 times per year and the highest in group of simulation training once a week. The score of daily job stress and depressive symptoms were getting higher with the extension of combat duty time. Age, hours of combat duty, training times a week, education and life events were the main affecting fectors on mental health of mine rescuers.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Mine rescuers have more psychological stress than generic population. The psychological stress of the mine crew is related to age, education, life events, training and combat readiness duty time.</p>

Firefighters: psychopathology and working conditions / Bombeiros: psicopatologia e condições de trabalho

Firefighters perform all kinds of rescues. Their job places them in potentially traumatic situations which may cause work-related mental disorders. This study aimed to investigate the working conditions and mental health of firefighters in Southern Brazil. The research subjects included 25 men and 2 women. The authors analyzed the anxiety, depression, alcohol use, post-traumatic stress disorder, and work environment of the firefighters, by means of scales, a questionnaire and an interview. Descriptive analysis and correlation measures were used, based on the variables of interest and content analysis. The results indicated that these professionals need higher salaries, better equipment and more training. Personal valorization and conversations with superiors were cited as positive aspects. Regarding the main aim of the study, the authors found correlations between alcohol abuse and length of service, alcohol abuse and age, and depression and age. These data suggested that there is emotional wear related to the profession, and the need of psychological support...

O bombeiro realiza todo tipo de salvamento, o que coloca esse trabalhador em situações potencialmente traumáticas que podem ocasionar transtornos mentais associados ao trabalho. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar as condições de trabalho e a saúde mental dos bombeiros, no sul do Brasil. Houve a participação de 25 homens e duas mulheres. Foram avaliados ansiedade, depressão, uso de álcool, Transtorno de Estresse Pós-Traumático e condições de trabalho, por meio de escalas, questionários e entrevista. Utilizaram-se análises descritivas e de medidas correlacionais entre variáveis de interesse e análise de conteúdo. Os resultados indicaram necessidades de melhorias no salário, equipamentos e treinamento. A valorização pessoal e diálogo com superiores foram citados como pontos positivos. Quanto ao objetivo principal, foram encontradas correlações entre consumo de álcool e tempo de serviço, uso desta substância e idade e entre depressão e idade. Estes dados sugerem um desgaste emocional associado à atividade profissional e a necessidade de apoio psicológico...

[Application of AHP Model in site selection of firefighting centers by using Geographical Information Systems: [Case Study: Jahrom City]]

Determining the appropriate locations for establishment of fire fighting stations are one of the important tasks and objectives of urban managers which should be prepared before implementation in a systematic framework. The main purpose of the site selection is to avoid wasting costs and also to ensure optimal performance of stations in contrast to urban systems. Quick and timely access to fire stations is essential for societies especially in urban ones. In this descriptive-analytical study, required information is collected by using a1/2000 land use map, field observation, and also studying the related projects to Jahrom city which is applied as the model used in the weighting of criteria in paired comparisons format by using GIS software, Analysis Hierarchy Process [AHP] and based on experts' opinions. Data processing and analysis was performed in accordance with the criteria and standards for urban planning. At the end, the most appropriate locations are determined to establish centers. Buffering method is used to evaluate the fire fighting stations; however, eastern and western parts of Jahrom city didn't cover of fire stations with 2000 and 1500m function of radius. Several steps must be taken for selecting a fire station site by using GIS such as: 1] To identify the used data; 2] To identify influencing factors for selecting a fire station site; 3] To enter influential factors in GIS; 4] To evaluate layers of information; 5] To overlap layers of criteria considering the importance of criteria; 6] To enter the final weight in GIS and composition of information layers; 7] To compare the results of site selection pattern with the realities. It is necessary to arrange new firefighting centre for Jahrom City due to population growth in the future; urban development; increased migration from rural areas to cities and also lack of facilities and fire stations in response to the needs. The results show that there was used of different information layers and effective geographical information system [GIS] especially for selecting a fire station site and also assessment of status in Jahrom city. Finally, two locations were detected suitable for establishment of new fire station after comparison between the results of site selection pattern with the actual location of the study area considering all the parameters affecting the process of site selection.

[Studying the effect of relief workers training of Rescue and Relief Organization through new technology in response to natural disasters in Tehran in view of managers]

Red Crescent society as the most important relief organ has a major role to give relief and casualties' reduction by evaluating and improvement of rescue and relief bases. The aim of this study was to study the effect of relief workers training through new technologies in order to reduce casualties in Tehran in mangers' viewpoint of Rescue and Relief Organization. All managers of Rescue and Relief Organization [110 ones] were selected and studied in 2011. Data was gathered based on Likert scale by using self-administrated questionnaire and Cronbach's alpha was about 0/8. The findings were as follows: there was a relationship between relief workers mobilization with new technologies and relief time reduction [Sig=0.001]; a significant relation was observed between relief workers training in the use of modern equipment and casualties reduction [Sig=0.001]; also there was a relationship between using new technologies in natural disasters and casualties reduction [Sig=0.001]. From the managers' viewpoint, the use of modern technology will reduce casualties and relief time in natural disasters. Thus, Iranian Red Crescent society should design some effective practical courses for relief workers in order to introduce them the new rescue and relief technologies and to increase their skills during disasters.